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Ruyard Kipling adalah satu dari sedikit penulis  dalam sejarah yang telah menikmati hasil luar biasanya, popularitas mendunia dalam kesehariannya  seperti halnya pujian dari pria pengkritik yang paling diskriminasi  selayaknya henry james dan Robet Louis Stevenson, seperti TS Elliot dan someret Maugham. Anak seorang profesor arsitek seni pahat amerika_keturunan indian , ia lahir di Bombay pada tahun 1865. Di sana ia dibesarkan dalam asuhan "ayahs" atau perawat pribumi yang mengajarinya bahasa Hindustan dan pengetahuan pribumi yang selalu menghantui imajinasinya. Pada usia enam tahun ia dibawa ke Inggris. Pada dua belas tahun ia dikirim ke sebuah sekolah di westward ho!, tempat terjadinya stalky & co. pada tahun 1883 ia kembali ke India untuk menjadi asisten editor dari Berita sipil dan militer di Lahore dan, kemudian, editor perintis di Allahabad, menulis berita seperti halnya cerita-cerita dan balada yang mulai membuat reputasinya naik lagi. Setelah tujuh tahun ia kembali ke Inggris, sastra "star of the hour". Ia menikah dengan seorang gadis Amerika dan tinggal di Vermont off  dari 1892-1894. Lalu ia menetap di pedesaan inggris dimana dia tinggal, kecuali untuk beberapa perjalanan di luar negeri, dalam sisa hidupnya. Dia meninggal pada tahun 1936. Penulis cerita dan puisi yang tak terhitung karyanya, ruyard Kipling terutama dikenal untuk ..... ----......Di antara banyak gelar kehormatan lain, ia menerima hadiah nobel untuk sastra pada tahun 1907.

The Bantam

Drama ini luar biasa, kisah tak lekang oleh waktu yang merupakan cerita dunia yang paling terkenal "pecinta bernasib sial". Cintaremaja yang tak tergoyahkan dari Juliet dan romeo menentang perseteruan yang memutuskan keluarga  mereka-capulets dan Montague- seperti kebutuhan mendesak mereka untuk bersama, pertemuan rahasia mereka, dan akhirnya pernikahan tersembunyi mereka mengantar mereka ke arah tragedi. Sebuah mahakarya yang telah lama memikat hati penonton, tragedi yang romantis ini telah menjadi bagian dari warisan sastra dari semua orang di semua bangsa.

Alan dundes is associate professor of anthropology and folklore at the university of California, Berkeley…………. He especially interested in folklore theory and method, an area in which he has become an internationally recognized authority.

Alan dundes adalah profesor bidang antropologi dan cerita rakyat di universitas California, Berkeley ............. Ia terutama tertarik pada teori dan metode cerita rakyat, daerah di mana ia telah menjadi otoritas yang diakui secara internasional.

Prakata
Buku ini untuk para mahasiswa yang menulis makalah-makalah. itu bukan buku yang tipis. buku yang tipis tidak akan memecahkan banyak masalah yang dihadapi oleh para penulis makalah.
jika menggunakan buku seukuran ini akan mengganggu, pikirkan tentng ini: buku yang kamu pegang ditanganmu tidak untuk dimaksudkan untuk dibaca sebagai hiburan. selain itu buku ini merupakan buku referensi. gunakan buku itu seperti kamu menggunakan berbagai buku referensi lain seperti kamus atau ensiklopedia.galilah yang ada didalamnya dari waktu ke waktu untuk menemukan jawaban dari pertanyaan yang muncul saat kamu menulis makalahmu. gunakan buku sedikit demi sedikit, bagian demi bagian tidak seluruhnya dalam sekali waktu

abstract
penulis memilih sepuluh artikel yang menganalisa pengaruh dari lithium carbonate dan imipramine terhadap gangguan afektif bipolar(manik depresi). tujuh dari artikel mengamati lithium karbonat dibandingkan pengobatan, plasebo. tiga artikel lainnya mempelajari efektivitas imipramine dalam pengobatan gangguan afektif bipolar. penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil dari empat percobaan terhadap pasien yang berbeda: lithium karbonat itu sendiri, impramine itu sendiri,kombinasi dari kedua karbonat lithium dan impamine, serta pengobatan placebo. konsensus dalam artikel ini adalah bahwa lithium karbonat merupakan pengobatan yang efektif untuk gangguan afektif bipolar, meskipun itu mengontrol tahapan periode manik lebih baik dari periode depresi. impramine, disisi lain efektif dalam menangani depresi, tetapi pada pasien yang rentan terhadap manik dan pada beberapa wanita hal itu meningkatkan frekuensi dari periode manik. kombinasi dari lithium karbonat dan impramine kurang efektif dibandingkan lithium karbonat saja, dan lebih banyak orang menderita akibat dari efek sampingnya.

Ruyard kipling was one of the few writers in history who have enjoyed overwhelming, world-wide popularity in their own day, as well as the praise of the most discriminating critics-men as far apart as henry james and robet Louis Stevenson, as T.S. Elliot and someret Maugham. Son of an anglo-indian professor pf architectural sculpture, he was born in Bombay in 1865. There he was brought up in the care of “ayahs” or native nurses, who taught him Hindustani and the native lore that always haunted his imagination. At the age of six he was taken to England. At twelve he was sent to a school at westward ho!, the scene of stalky & co. in 1883 he returned to india to become assistant editor of the civil and military gazette in Lahore and, later, editor of the pioneer in Allahabad, writing the news stories as well as the tales and ballads that began to make his reputation. After seven years he went back to England, the literary “star of the hour”. He married an American girl and stayed in vermont off and on from 1892 to 1894. Then he settled down in english countryside where he remained, except for a few trip abroad, for the rest of his life. He died in 1936. The author of innumerable stories and poems, ruyard kipling is especially  known for ……. Among many other honors, he received the nobel prize for literature in 1907.

The bantam

This magnificent, timeless drama is the world’s most famous tale of “star-crossed lovers”. The young, unshakable love of Juliet and romeo defies the feud that devides their families—the capulets and montagues—as their desperate need to be together, their secret meetings, and finally their concealed marriage drive them toward tragedy. A masterwork that has long captured the heart of audiences, this romantic tragedy has become part of the literary heritage of all peoples in all nations.

Novel  The Blacker The Berry karya Wallace Thurman merupakan novel yang
berkaitan dengan diskriminasi warna kulit yang ada di komunitas kulit hitam. Emma Lou
sebagai tokoh utama adalah seorang yang mempunyai kulit yang sangat hitam yang
ditolak oleh keluarga dan masyarakatnya yang mempunyai kulit percampuran kulit hitam
dan kulit putih.

Setting waktu novel ini kira-kira pada waktu Amerika mengalami the Great Depression. Ceritanya tentang seorang perempuan Afro-Amerika yang berusaha keras memutihkan kulitnya, baik dengan memakai make up berlebih, sampai kepada usaha bleaching. Tidak hanya penampilan fisiknya, dia juga berusaha mengubah status sosial dan pergaulannya. Di kala itu, perempuan kulit hitam yang keling lebih sulit diterima dalam pergaulan dan pekerjaan dibandingkan dengan mereka yang mullato (hasil perkawinan campur kulit hitam dengan kulit putih atau yang memiliki kulit lebih terang). Menurut saya, cerita ini sangat tragis. Tragisnya, karena si tokoh begitu desperate ingin mengubah warna kulitnya. Seingat saya, komentar orang di sekitar si tokoh tentang warna kulitnya turut membentuk kebencian si tokoh terhadap warna kulitnya sendiri.
Setelah menyimak Novel The Blacker the Berry, dapat disimpulkan bahwa

Emma Lou Morgan menggunakan orang lain  sebagai cermin dalam mengidentifikasi
dirinya. Orang lain atau masyarakat mempunyai peran penting  dalam mempengaruhi
perubahan karakter Emma dalam hidupnya. Pengaruh masyarakat terhadap kepribadian
Emma dapat dikelompokkan dalam pengaruh  masyarakat pada masa kecilnya dan
pengaruh masyarakat pada usia dewasanya.
Pengaruh ini dapat dilihat melalui kepribadian Emma yang berubah dari rendah diri,
benci terhadap diri sendiri sampai akhirnya menerima dirinya sendiri.

SYARAT UJIAN TOEFL SASTRA INGGRIS REGULER 2

Untuk dapat lulus dari perguruan tinggi saat ini terdapat beberapa syarat yang hampir sama untuk seluruh universitas di Indonesia. Begitu juga dengan universitas diponegoro yang tentunya juga memiliki beberapa syarat salah satunya dengan mengikuti ujian toefl. Hal ini dikarenakan untuk setiap mahasiswa lulusan dari perguruan tinggi manapun dapat menerapkan bahasa inggris dalam kehidupan nyata setidaknya secara pasif. Untuk itu universitas diponegoro khususnya fakultas ilmu budaya membatasi skor ujian minimal 450 poin untuk sastra inggris regular 2. Begitulah kira-kira yang disampaikan oleh ibu martini selaku pegawai bagian kemahasiswaan jurusan sastra inggris regular 2. Beliau menyampaikan juga bahwa mulai per 1 april biaya pendaftaran utuk ujian toefl mengalami kenaikan Rp. 25.000,- yang tadinya Rp. 50.000,- menjadi Rp. 75.000,- per mahasiswa. Beliau menyampaikan juga bahwa diharapkan untuk mahasiswa yang akan atau sedang mengambil mata kuliah skripsi segera mendaftarkan diri untuk mengikuti ujian. Hal ini sangat membantu mahasiswa mempercepat proses kelulusanya dan tidak menjadi masalah yang membuat proses kelulusan tertunda. Demikianlah hasil dari wawancara yang kami lakukan dengan ibu martini selaku pegawai bagian kemahasiswaan jurusan sastra inggris fakultas ilmu budaya universitas diponegoro pada tanggal 4 april 2012.

DESIRE UNDER THE ELMS

Desire Under The Elms (DUTE) is the first O’Neill’s work with a Greece tragedy style. Desire Under The Elms (DUTE) narrated about Ephraim Cabot family which aged 75 years. He had three adult sons. Simeon and Peter were the sons of his first wedding, meanwhile, Eben from the second. Yet, both of his wives had died, so, he just lived with his three sons. Cabot’s family was less harmonist since a dispute often happened in this family because Cabot educated his sons tightly enough. Because of disenjoyable condition of the family, Cabot decided to leave his home for two months in order to look for commandment of God like it was done by the messenger. At the same time, during Cabot’s going, his sons thought and considered that he had died because of leaving home for a long time without any news. So, they wanted to take over their father riches and properties such as his houses and fields. They also prayed may their father would rest in peace as soon as possible. Peter and Simeon arranged to go to California, because there was a lot of gold in there, based on their opinion. They wanted to be a golden mine since they were bored of living with their father and cultivating the field. However, Eben intended to stay at home until his father died. So, after dying, all of the riches would be belong to him. Both of Eben’s brothers did not care about Eben’s attitude toward this. They thought that by keeping staying at home, he would be a  farmer forever.

Actually, Simeon and Peter did not have enough money to go to California. Yet, Eben convinced that he would take his father saving, so they could go to California. Before fulfilling the intention to steal his father savings, suddenly, Cabot came from his wandering by bringing a young beautiful wife, her name was Abbie Putnam.  Cabot’s sons’ hatred to their father became more increased. Knowing those facts, Simeon and Peter felt discomfort and wanted to leave their home as soon as possible. However, Eben still on his commitment to stay at home until his father die because he would get the wealth as it was his mother inheritance. Abbie’s presence in Cabot’s family caused a hatred arise in the Eben’s heart. He felt his step mother presence would hamper his will to take over all of the riches. Eben only wanted to have the house and the field together with its substance as it was his mother inheritance. Meanwhile, Abbie ,which intended to have all of her husband riches in the first time, had felt in love with her step son Eben in which still young and handsome which is able to satisfy her desires in which she could not get all of these from his old husband. Knowing that Eben was so adore his mother, Abbie tried to act calmly and paid more attention in order to get Eben’s sympathy.  She tried to be able to make a love with Eben because she never got spiritual satisfaction from his husband. His step mother behavior made Eben thought that his step mother was crazy. Eben was so angry and finally a dispute happened, Eben stated that his step mother was obvious anymore. During the dispute, suddenly Cabot came and reconciled Abbie and Eben by asking what really happened. Eben ignored his father asking, then he walked away to leave his father and mother in the kitchen and did not care about Abbie’s statement that forced Eben into a corner. According to Abbie’s accusation, Eben pursued to make a love with her. Certainly, it made Cabot angry and intended to kill Eben. Yet, Abbie avoided him.

While Cabot talking about his farming that would be handling by Eben, then, Abbie promised to Cabot that she would give a child to him. Firstly, Cabot thought that he could not give an offspring because of the age, but Abbie convinced that she had prayed to God in order to be able to give a child to Cabot. Cabot asked Abbie to keep on praying in order to be able to realize his willingness. Later on, because Cabot thought could find a peace in the other place, he went to talk with his cows and it made him happy.  While Abbie and Eben were having a meal in dining room, Abbie tried to pursue Eben in order to fulfill her desires. Finally, Eben could not control himself and tricked into his mother persuasion. Later on, they went to Eben’s room together. A year later, a child that had been expected by Cabot for a long time born. A big party accompanied the born of the baby. All of Cabot neighbor which were invited to the party felt suspicious because of the origin of the baby. They did not believe if Cabot could give a health and normal child. Eben did not join the party because he knew that the child was from his sins with Abbie. During the party, a dispute between Cabot and Eben arose, Cabot accused Eben that he would snatch Abbie away from him. Cabot also talked that Abbie ever said that Eben wanted to make a love with her. Listening to the defamation, Ebben felt so angry and promised to kill Abbie. However, Cabot avoided and tried to stop it. Then, Abbie came to arbitrate them, but Cabot left them and joined to the party and forgot that dispute.  Eben and Abbie had a dispute and insulted each other. Eben accused Abbie had tricked him to get all of his father riches, moreover with the presence of the baby; it will ease Abbie in getting all the wealth. Abbie tried to explain what exactly happened, but Eben did not have any desires listening to Abbie’s explanation. Later on, Eben hated her because of the presence of the baby. Abbie would have done everything to convince Eben that she really loved him more than everything.

In a morning, Abbie had done a crazy acting. She had killed his child while sleeping. This was done to prove that there would not be an obstacle anymore between them to love each other. Knowing the fact, Eben was so upset because the child was his son. Afterwards, he called sheriff to imprison Abbie. Meanwhile, Cabot regarded that the child was sleeping, he tried to wake him up, but he did not get up. Finally, Cabot asked Abbie to wake him up. Abbie told Cabot that the child had died. Abbie also told that the child was not Cabot’s child but he was belong to Eben. Sooner, Eben came and followed by the sheriff.  After the case, Eben was aware that Abbie did those acting because of love. So did Eben, he actually loved Abbie and did not want to lose Abbie. Later on, Eben asked the sheriff imprison him as well since he also involved in this case. Since Cabot faces a shocking event, he decided to go to California. He only thought to bring his savings to be provision during his way to California and leaved all of the wealth and fields. Unfortunately, all of his saving had gone. He knew that Eben had spent it. Finally, Eben admitted that he had spent all of the savings and gave it to his brother as  a cost to go to California. Cabot just contemplated his tragic destiny. Later, he asked the sheriff bring Abbie and Eben to go out of his building.